Probiotics for Smelly Gas: Which Strains Actually Help, and Why
What the clinical research says about using probiotics to reduce flatulence odor and frequency — and which strains in MicroBiome Restore are best supported by evidence
Few digestive complaints are as socially disruptive as foul-smelling gas. While passing gas is a completely normal biological process — most adults do so between 10 and 25 times per day — when flatulence becomes excessively odorous or frequent, it usually signals something worth paying attention to in your gut microbiome.
The smell is almost always the same culprit: sulfur-containing gases produced when certain bacteria ferment sulfur-rich amino acids and food compounds in the large intestine.[1] When your gut microbiome is balanced, these gases are produced in modest amounts. When dysbiosis — an imbalance between beneficial and harmful bacteria — takes hold, sulfate-reducing bacteria and putrefactive species can proliferate, dramatically increasing the production of hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and dimethyl sulfide.[2] The result is gas that clears the room.
This is where targeted probiotic supplementation becomes relevant. By restoring populations of beneficial Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species and competitively displacing gas-producing pathogens, the right probiotic strains may reduce both the frequency and the odor of flatulence at its microbial source. This article examines what the peer-reviewed evidence actually shows — and maps those findings specifically to strains found in MicroBiome Restore.
Key Takeaways
- Smelly gas is primarily caused by dysbiosis — an overgrowth of sulfate-reducing and putrefactive bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur gases during fermentation.[2]
- Lactobacillus plantarum reduced flatulence significantly in a randomized controlled trial of IBS patients, with benefits persisting at 12-month follow-up.[3]
- Bacillus coagulans improved functional gas and bloating in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial — with the treatment group showing significant improvement in GSRS indigestion scores vs. placebo.[4]
- Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM combined with Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 significantly reduced abdominal bloating severity at both 4 and 8 weeks in a double-blind clinical trial of functional bowel disorder patients.[5]
- Multi-strain probiotic blends outperform single-strain products because smelly gas often involves multiple bacterial species; a diverse formula addresses the problem from several angles simultaneously.[6]
- Prebiotic fiber feeds the right bacteria — selectively promoting Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium growth while potentially starving the gas-producing species that cause odor.
Why Does Gas Smell? The Microbial Science
The vast majority of intestinal gas — roughly 99% — is odorless. It consists of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and sometimes methane. The offensive 1% that produces odor is dominated by sulfur-containing compounds: hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methanethiol, and dimethyl sulfide.[1]
These sulfur gases are primarily produced by two microbial processes in the colon. The first involves sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which use dietary sulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide as a metabolic byproduct. The second involves putrefactive bacteria that ferment sulfur-containing amino acids — found in proteins from meat, eggs, and dairy — releasing foul-smelling sulfur compounds.[2]
The H₂S Problem: When Dysbiosis Produces Odor
Research published in Frontiers in Microbiology established that the capacity to produce hydrogen sulfide via cysteine degradation is widespread across the human gut microbiome, but that odor becomes a problem specifically when dysbiosis allows sulfate-reducing and putrefactive bacteria to dominate.[2] In a healthy, diverse microbiome, these populations are kept in check. In a disrupted microbiome, their blooms produce the sulfur gases responsible for particularly foul-smelling flatulence.
Protein Fermentation vs. Carbohydrate Fermentation
Not all gas is equally odorous. Carbohydrate fermentation by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and relatively modest amounts of gas — a normal, healthy process. Protein putrefaction by pathogenic bacteria is where the odor originates. High-protein diets, incomplete digestion (from low stomach acid or pancreatic insufficiency), and reduced populations of beneficial bacteria all contribute to increased putrefactive activity.
This is a crucial distinction for understanding why probiotics can help. When beneficial bacteria are restored, they compete with putrefactive species for substrates and ecological space — shifting fermentation away from odor-producing protein degradation and toward the clean, SCFA-producing carbohydrate fermentation that characterizes a healthy gut. If you're seeing other signs of this kind of microbial imbalance beyond gas, you may want to read our overview of Lactobacillus deficiency signs and symptoms.
How Probiotics Reduce Gas Odor and Frequency
Probiotics don't simply mask the symptoms of smelly gas — they address the underlying microbial imbalances that cause it. The mechanisms are well-documented in the scientific literature:
Competitive Exclusion of Gas-Producing Bacteria
Beneficial probiotic species — primarily Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera — compete with gas-producing and putrefactive bacteria for adhesion sites on the gut epithelium and for available nutrients. As beneficial populations grow, harmful species have fewer resources and attachment points, naturally declining in relative abundance. A 2018 updated evidence-based international consensus, drawing on 70 randomized controlled trials, confirmed that specific probiotics can significantly reduce overall symptom burden in patients with IBS and other lower GI symptoms — including flatulence and bloating — through this mechanism of microbiota normalization.[6]
Lactic Acid Production and pH Reduction
Lactobacillus species ferment carbohydrates to produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH of the colon. Many sulfate-reducing and putrefactive bacteria are less competitive at lower pH levels, giving beneficial bacteria a chemical advantage. This acidification effect is one reason Lactobacillus strains have been consistently associated with reductions in gas and odor across multiple clinical contexts.
Gut Motility and Transit Improvement
Gas becomes more problematic when it lingers — slow gut transit allows more time for fermentation and sulfur compound accumulation. Several probiotic strains have been clinically demonstrated to improve gut motility and reduce colonic transit time, which means gas is expelled before the prolonged fermentation that amplifies odor has a chance to occur. This is particularly relevant in probiotic interventions for bloating, where transit normalization is a key mechanism.
Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Gas Production
A compromised gut barrier — commonly called leaky gut — contributes to dysbiosis and the inflammatory environment in which gas-producing bacteria thrive. Clinical research on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG has demonstrated direct protective effects on intestinal tight junction proteins, reducing the barrier dysfunction that allows pathogenic species to expand.[7] By repairing the gut lining, certain probiotic strains help restore the ecological conditions in which beneficial bacteria predominate — and gas-producing pathogens are kept in check. For more on this mechanism, see our article on probiotics for leaky gut and barrier repair.
Best Probiotic Strains for Smelly Gas: What the Research Shows
Below are the probiotic strains with the strongest clinical evidence for reducing gas, flatulence, and the gastrointestinal dysbiosis that drives odor — all of which are present in MicroBiome Restore. Strains studied for flatulence that are not in our formula have been intentionally excluded.
Lactobacillus plantarum: The Flatulence-Fighter
Lactobacillus plantarum has one of the most direct clinical track records for reducing flatulence of any probiotic strain. In a landmark randomized controlled trial published in the Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, Nobaek et al. enrolled 60 IBS patients and found that L. plantarum DSM 9843 produced a statistically significant decrease in the number of days with abundant gas production — dropping from 6.5 days to 3.1 days in the treatment group, compared to 7.4 to 5.6 days in the placebo group. These benefits were maintained at 12-month follow-up.[3]
A subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 214 IBS patients confirmed that 4 weeks of L. plantarum 299v supplementation provided significant relief of abdominal pain and bloating symptoms, with the probiotic group showing superior outcomes on every assessed symptom measure compared to placebo.[8]
The mechanism appears to involve both competitive exclusion of gas-producing bacteria and normalization of colonic fermentation patterns. You can explore the broader clinical evidence in our dedicated article on Lactobacillus plantarum health benefits.
Bacillus coagulans: Spore-Forming Gas Relief
Bacillus coagulans stands out among gas-targeting probiotic strains for two reasons: its spore-forming ability allows it to survive stomach acid and reach the colon fully intact, and its clinical evidence for functional gas relief is among the most direct available.
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in Medicine (2023) enrolled 70 adults with functional gas and bloating and randomized them to receive B. coagulans MTCC 5856 (2 billion spores/day) or placebo for 4 weeks. The treatment group showed significant improvement in GSRS indigestion scores for gas and bloating (P < 0.001 vs. placebo), with better overall patient satisfaction scores at both mid-point and final visit.[4]
An earlier randomized controlled trial using B. coagulans GBI-30, 6086 in 61 adults with post-prandial intestinal gas symptoms found significant improvements in GSRS total scores and abdominal pain compared to placebo over four weeks of use.[9] A separate 8-week RCT found statistically significant improvements in abdominal pain and bloating scores for all 7 weekly comparisons in the B. coagulans group (P < 0.01), compared to only 2 of 7 weekly comparisons reaching significance in the placebo group.[10]
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis: Synergistic Bloating and Gas Relief
The combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 has been rigorously studied for gas and bloating in functional bowel disorder patients. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at the University of North Carolina enrolled 60 patients meeting Rome III criteria and assigned them to receive the probiotic combination twice daily for 8 weeks. Abdominal bloating improved significantly in the probiotic group at 4 weeks (P = 0.009) and 8 weeks (P < 0.01) compared to placebo — a finding replicated across IBS subgroup analysis.[5]
L. acidophilus is one of the most-studied probiotic species for digestive health. Its ability to lower colonic pH through lactic acid production creates conditions less favorable for putrefactive bacteria, directly addressing the microbial source of sulfur gas odor. For more on its evidence base, see our article on Lactobacillus acidophilus benefits and our guide to L. acidophilus dosage and clinical guidelines.
Bacillus subtilis: Flatulence Relief in Healthy Adults
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in Gut Microbes (2022) evaluated Bacillus subtilis BS50 at 2 × 10⁹ CFU/day for 6 weeks in healthy adults with GI symptoms. The results showed that 47.4% of participants in the probiotic group showed improvement in a composite score for abdominal bloating, burping, and flatulence — compared to 22.2% in the placebo group. BS50 also significantly improved individual symptoms of bloating and burping at 6 weeks.[11] This evidence is notable because it was conducted in otherwise healthy adults without an IBS diagnosis, making the findings directly applicable to people experiencing everyday foul-smelling gas rather than a diagnosed GI condition.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus: Microbiome Rebalancing and Dysbiosis Reversal
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is among the world's most clinically studied probiotic strains. For smelly gas specifically, its relevance operates through two pathways: microbiome rebalancing that reduces putrefactive bacterial populations, and gut barrier reinforcement that restores the ecological conditions for beneficial bacteria to thrive.
A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial found that B. longum and L. rhamnosus HN001 significantly decreased bloating (P = 0.028) and improved constipation in patients with lactose intolerance and persisting functional GI symptoms — with treatment leading to a positive shift in intestinal microbial composition including enrichment of beneficial Bifidobacterium species.[12] A follow-up study in IBS patients confirmed that this probiotic combination produced a 36.35% decrease from baseline in bloating (P < 0.0001 vs. placebo) along with significant improvements in abdominal pain and overall disease severity.[13] Learn more about the clinical evidence in our article on Lactobacillus rhamnosus benefits.
Bifidobacterium Species: Reducing Methane and Normalizing Fermentation
Bifidobacterium species — particularly B. longum, B. infantis, B. breve, and B. bifidum — play a critical role in healthy colonic fermentation. These bacteria preferentially ferment soluble dietary fiber through clean carbohydrate fermentation pathways that produce SCFAs rather than sulfur gases. Research on bloating and gas consistently identifies reduced Bifidobacterium populations as a characteristic feature of symptomatic dysbiosis, and restoration of these species is associated with improved gas symptoms across multiple clinical contexts.[6]
The updated evidence-based international consensus on probiotics for lower GI symptoms specifically noted that Bifidobacterium species are among the most consistently beneficial across studies of gas and bloating in IBS populations.[6] For a deeper look at what happens when Bifidobacterium populations decline, see our guide to Bifidobacterium deficiency and gut health.
| Strain | Primary Evidence for Gas/Flatulence | Key Study Type |
|---|---|---|
| L. plantarum | Significantly reduced days with abundant gas production; benefits persisted at 12 months[3] | Randomized controlled trial |
| B. coagulans | Significant improvement in GSRS gas & bloating scores vs. placebo in functional gas patients[4] | Multicenter RCT |
| L. acidophilus + B. lactis | Significant reduction in bloating severity at 4 and 8 weeks vs. placebo[5] | Double-blind RCT |
| B. subtilis | 47.4% improvement in composite gas, bloating, and burping score vs. 22.2% placebo in healthy adults[11] | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial |
| L. rhamnosus | Significantly decreased bloating and improved microbiome composition in GI symptom patients[12] | Randomized, double-blind, crossover |
| Bifidobacterium spp. | Restoration of Bifidobacterium populations consistently associated with reduced gas symptoms across IBS populations[6] | Systematic review (70 RCTs) |
26 Gas-Targeting Strains. Zero Fillers.
MicroBiome Restore delivers every strain discussed above — plus 20 additional evidence-backed strains — in a single daily capsule. No microcrystalline cellulose. No magnesium stearate. No titanium dioxide. Just 15 billion CFU of comprehensive probiotic support.
Why Multi-Strain Formulas Work Better for Smelly Gas
One of the most consistent findings in probiotic research is that multi-strain formulations outperform single-strain products, particularly for complex GI symptoms like excessive or malodorous gas. This isn't surprising once you understand what causes the problem.
Foul-smelling gas doesn't have a single bacterial cause — it results from dysbiosis across multiple bacterial species simultaneously. Sulfate-reducing bacteria may be overrepresented. Putrefactive species may be competing against depleted Bifidobacterium populations. Transit may be slow due to reduced Lactobacillus diversity. A single probiotic strain can only address one piece of this ecological puzzle.
The 2018 systematic review drawing on 70 randomized controlled trials found that multi-strain probiotics showed broader and more consistent benefits for IBS symptoms — including flatulence — compared to single-strain products, with 79% of new probiotic formulations evaluated since 2013 being multi-strain.[6] A separate review specifically examining probiotics for IBS found that multispecies formulations containing combinations of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains demonstrated synergistic effects on bloating, abdominal pain, and stool consistency in IBS-C patients.[14]
The Multi-Strain Advantage in MicroBiome Restore
MicroBiome Restore's 26-strain formula is designed around the same principle that multi-strain clinical trials demonstrate: diversity addresses the problem from multiple angles simultaneously. The formula spans six genera — Lactobacillus (11 strains), Bifidobacterium (5 strains), Bacillus (5 strains), Pediococcus (2 strains), Streptococcus (1 strain), Enterococcus (1 strain), and Lactococcus (1 strain) — creating comprehensive competitive coverage against dysbiotic gas-producers across the GI tract. For a detailed breakdown of the formula and its rationale, see our complete guide to MicroBiome Restore.
The Role of Prebiotics in Reducing Smelly Gas
Probiotics introduce beneficial bacteria — but prebiotics determine whether those bacteria can thrive. For smelly gas, the prebiotic component of a synbiotic formula may be as important as the probiotic strains themselves.
Prebiotic fibers — particularly inulin-type fructans and acacia fiber — selectively promote the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species while being relatively inaccessible to putrefactive bacteria. By tilting the nutritional landscape in favor of clean-fermenting bacteria, prebiotics effectively starve the organisms responsible for odor.
This selectivity matters. Not all dietary fiber behaves the same way. Rapidly fermentable fibers like inulin are efficiently utilized by Bifidobacterium species, while more slowly fermented fibers like acacia gum support a broader range of beneficial bacteria and are associated with favorable effects in sensitive digestive systems. Our article on acacia fiber for sensitive guts explores this in detail.
The Jerusalem artichoke in MicroBiome Restore is among the richest natural sources of inulin-type fructans available — documented in our article on Jerusalem artichoke as a prebiotic for probiotic growth. Combined with acacia gum, maitake mushroom beta-glucans, bladderwrack, Norwegian kelp, oarweed, and fig fruit, MicroBiome Restore's prebiotic profile creates a selective nutritional environment that supports the beneficial bacteria introduced by its probiotic strains.
A Note on Initial Gas Increases
Some people experience a temporary increase in gas during the first 3–7 days of starting a probiotic or increasing prebiotic fiber intake. This is a normal adjustment response — beneficial bacteria are proliferating and competing with entrenched pathogenic populations. This transient effect should resolve within the first week. If gas worsens significantly beyond the first week or is accompanied by new symptoms, consult a healthcare provider, as this may indicate an underlying condition such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
What to Avoid in a Probiotic for Gas Relief
Choosing a probiotic for smelly gas isn't just about finding strains with the right evidence — it's also about avoiding formulation choices that can undermine gut health before those strains even have a chance to work.
Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)
MCC is the most commonly used filler in probiotic capsules. It's an indigestible plant cellulose used to improve powder flow during manufacturing — not for your benefit. Beyond its lack of therapeutic value, emerging research raises concerns about its effects on intestinal permeability and gut microbiome balance. You can explore the full evidence in our article on why microcrystalline cellulose may be unsafe. If your probiotic contains MCC, the filler may be subtly working against the very bacteria you're trying to establish.
Magnesium Stearate
A common flow agent, magnesium stearate is added to improve capsule-filling efficiency. Research has suggested it may form a hydrophobic film around probiotic bacteria, potentially reducing their viability and bioavailability. For a deeper look, see our guide to why a magnesium stearate-free probiotic matters.
Titanium Dioxide
Used as a whitening agent in some supplement capsules, titanium dioxide has come under increasing regulatory scrutiny. Our article on titanium dioxide in supplements covers the emerging safety concerns.
Single-Strain Formulas
As discussed in the multi-strain section above, single-strain products address only one aspect of the dysbiosis pattern that drives smelly gas. For comprehensive relief, diversity matters. Understanding how to evaluate these choices starts with knowing how to read probiotic supplement labels for hidden fillers.
When Smelly Gas May Signal Something Else
In most cases, foul-smelling gas is a reflection of gut microbiome imbalance that responds well to targeted probiotic supplementation and dietary modifications. However, certain patterns of gas symptoms warrant medical evaluation.
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience smelly gas accompanied by: unexplained weight loss, blood in the stool, persistent abdominal pain that doesn't resolve, significant changes in bowel habits lasting more than two weeks, or symptoms of nutrient malabsorption (fatigue, hair thinning, pale stools). These may indicate conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, or SIBO that require diagnosis and targeted treatment. Probiotics can play a supportive role in many of these conditions — for example, the evidence base for probiotics and SIBO is growing — but they should not replace medical evaluation when red-flag symptoms are present.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do probiotics make your farts less stinky?
The clinical evidence suggests yes — for many people, targeted probiotic supplementation reduces the odor of flatulence by addressing the microbial imbalances that cause it. Strains like Lactobacillus plantarum have been directly shown to reduce the frequency of gas production,[3] while multi-strain formulas have demonstrated broader benefits for gas, bloating, and overall digestive comfort.[6] The degree of improvement depends on the underlying cause of the odor, the specific strains used, and the individual's baseline gut microbiome composition. Results are typically noticeable within 2–4 weeks of consistent use.
Do smelly farts mean an unhealthy gut?
Occasional foul-smelling gas after eating sulfur-rich foods (cruciferous vegetables, eggs, red meat) is completely normal and doesn't indicate gut dysfunction. Persistent or very frequent malodorous gas — particularly when not clearly linked to specific foods — is more likely to reflect dysbiosis, an imbalance between beneficial and harmful gut bacteria. This is worth addressing, as research links chronic gut dysbiosis to a wide range of downstream health outcomes beyond flatulence. The relationship between Lactobacillus deficiency and digestive symptoms provides useful context here.
Why do probiotics sometimes cause more gas at first?
A temporary increase in gas during the first week of probiotic use is common and reflects the competitive displacement of entrenched bacteria by incoming beneficial strains. As beneficial populations grow and pathogenic populations decline, fermentation patterns shift — and during this transition period, gas production may temporarily increase. This is distinct from the ongoing gas driven by dysbiosis and typically resolves within 7 days. Taking probiotics with food can help moderate this initial adjustment effect.
Should I take a probiotic with GLP-1 medications?
GLP-1 receptor agonists (like semaglutide) significantly slow gastric emptying and alter gut motility, which can increase gas, bloating, and digestive discomfort in some users. There is no evidence that probiotics are unsafe with GLP-1 medications, and the gut microbiome changes associated with these drugs may actually make microbiome support more relevant. That said, you should discuss any new supplement with your prescribing physician, as GLP-1 medications affect nutrient absorption and GI transit in ways that can interact with other interventions.
Is 15 billion CFU enough to address smelly gas?
Yes — clinical trials demonstrating meaningful reductions in gas and flatulence have typically used doses ranging from 1 billion to 10 billion CFU of individual strains. A multi-strain formula delivering 15 billion CFU across 26 strains provides therapeutic levels across multiple bacterial species simultaneously. What matters more than raw CFU count is the diversity and clinical relevance of the strains included, and whether the formula avoids fillers that may compromise bacterial viability. Larger CFU counts are not necessarily more effective; formulation quality and strain selection matter more.
What foods make smelly gas worse?
Foods highest in sulfur compounds tend to produce the most odorous gas: cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage), eggs, red meat, garlic, onions, and dairy in lactose-sensitive individuals. High-FODMAP foods (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) drive gas volume more than odor. Artificial sweeteners like sorbitol and xylitol can also dramatically increase gas production. While dietary modification addresses triggers, probiotics address the underlying microbial environment that determines how odorous that gas becomes. Our article on probiotics for lactose intolerance may be relevant if dairy is a significant gas trigger.
Addressing Smelly Gas at Its Microbial Source
Foul-smelling gas is not an inevitable fact of life — it's a signal from your gut microbiome that the balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria has shifted. When sulfate-reducing and putrefactive bacteria are allowed to proliferate unchecked, the result is the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur compounds responsible for particularly odorous flatulence.
The research reviewed here consistently points in one direction: targeted probiotic supplementation with strains that have demonstrated clinical efficacy for gas and bloating — L. plantarum, B. coagulans, L. acidophilus, B. lactis, L. rhamnosus, B. subtilis, and diverse Bifidobacterium species — can meaningfully reduce both the frequency and the odor of gas by restoring the microbial balance that a healthy gut depends on.
What matters is choosing a formula with the right strains at therapeutic doses, supported by prebiotic fiber that feeds the bacteria you're trying to establish, and free of the fillers that can undermine the whole enterprise. To understand the full picture of what goes into MicroBiome Restore's formulation philosophy, explore our overview of flow agents and fillers in probiotics.
Clean Formulation. Comprehensive Coverage.
MicroBiome Restore delivers 26 clinically studied probiotic strains, 9 organic prebiotics including Jerusalem artichoke, acacia, and maitake mushroom, and 80+ trace minerals — in a filler-free pullulan capsule with zero microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, or titanium dioxide.
References
- Suarez, F. L., Springfield, J., Furne, J. K., & Levitt, M. D. (1997). Differentiation of mouth versus gut as site of origin of odoriferous breath gases after garlic ingestion. American Journal of Physiology, 273(4 Pt 1), G1124–G1130. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.4.G1124
- Blachier, F., Beaumont, M., Andriamihaja, M., Davila, A. M., Lan, A., Grauso, M., & Mariotti, F. (2017). Production of hydrogen sulfide by the intestinal microbiota and epithelial cells and consequences for the colonic and rectal mucosa. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 320(2), G133–G154. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2020
- Nobaek, S., Johansson, M. L., Molin, G., Ahrné, S., & Jeppsson, B. (2000). Alteration of intestinal microflora is associated with reduction in abdominal bloating and pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 95(5), 1231–1238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02015.x
- Majeed, M., Nagabhushanam, K., Paulose, S., Arumugam, S., & Mundkur, L. (2023). The effects of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 on functional gas and bloating in adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 102(9), e33109. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000033109
- Ringel-Kulka, T., Palsson, O. S., Maier, D., Carroll, I. M., Galanko, J. A., Leyer, G., & Ringel, Y. (2011). Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 versus placebo for the symptoms of bloating in patients with functional bowel disorders: a double-blind study. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 45(6), 518–525. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31820ca4d6
- Hungin, A. P. S., Mitchell, C. R., Whorwell, P., Mulligan, C., Cole, O., Agréus, L., Fracasso, P., Lionis, C., Mendive, J., Philippart de Foy, J. M., Seifert, B., Wensaas, K. A., Winchester, C., & de Wit, N. (2018). Systematic review: probiotics in the management of lower gastrointestinal symptoms — an updated evidence-based international consensus. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 47(8), 1054–1070. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14539
- Madhivanan, N., & Ranganathan, N. (2021). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by interferon-gamma and fecal supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients in human intestinal enteroids and colonoids. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 7(1), 163–180. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6363076/
- Ducrotté, P., Sawant, P., & Jayanthi, V. (2012). Clinical trial: Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (DSM 9843) improves symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(30), 4012–4018. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i30.4012
- Hun, L. (2009). Bacillus coagulans significantly improved abdominal pain and bloating in patients with IBS. Postgraduate Medicine, 121(2), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2009.03.1984
- Dolin, B. J. (2009). Effects of a proprietary Bacillus coagulans preparation on symptoms of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(10), 655–659. https://doi.org/10.1358/mf.2009.31.10.1441078
- Keller, D., Ferrari, N., Eckl, M., Schad, R., Heiber, J., Sherlock, M., Farmer, S., McBrearty, S., Weissberg, J. T., & Quintero, J. (2022). The probiotic Bacillus subtilis BS50 decreases gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gut Microbes, 14(1), 2122668. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2022.2122668
- Szilagyi, A., Lalande, C., & Nathoo, S. (2019). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on gut microbiota in patients with lactose intolerance and persisting functional gastrointestinal symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study. Nutrients, 11(5), 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051175
- Guandalini, S., Cernat, E., & Moscoso, D. (2020). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in IBS patients. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 32(5), e13803. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13803
- Aragon, G., Graham, D. B., Borum, M., & Doman, D. B. (2010). Probiotic therapy for irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 6(1), 39–44. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2886445/
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